Chapter Wise Solutions-Chemistry
Unit – I: Some Basic Concepts of chemistry
General Introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry.
Historical approach to particulate nature of matter, laws of chemical combination. Dalton’s atomic
theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.
theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass: percentage composition, empirical
and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.
and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.
-Class 11 Chapter Wise Solutions-
Chemistry
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Unit – II: Structure of atoms
Discovery of electrons, proton and neutron; atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Rutherford’s model and its limitations. Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shell and sub
shells, dual nature of matter and light , De Broglie’s relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s,p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in
orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of
atoms, stability of half filled, completely filled orbitals.
shells, dual nature of matter and light , De Broglie’s relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s,p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in
orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of
atoms, stability of half filled, completely filled orbitals.
Unit – III: Classification of elements and Periodicity in Properties
Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table. Modern periodic
law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements – atomic
radii, ionic radii, Ionization enthalpy, election gain enthalpy, electronegativity valency, nomenclature
of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements – atomic
radii, ionic radii, Ionization enthalpy, election gain enthalpy, electronegativity valency, nomenclature
of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
Unit – IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, ionic bond, bond parameters, covalent bond: Born Haber Cycle. Lewis structure,
polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance,
geometry of covalent molecules. VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d
orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic
molecules and hydrogen bond.
polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance,
geometry of covalent molecules. VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d
orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic
molecules and hydrogen bond.
Unit – V: States Of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Three states of matter. Intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points.
Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule. Boyle’s law, Charles’law, Gay Lussac’s
Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation. Avogadro’s number,
Ideal gas equation. Derivation from ideal behaviour, Liquefaction of gases, critical temperature,
kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)
Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule. Boyle’s law, Charles’law, Gay Lussac’s
Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation. Avogadro’s number,
Ideal gas equation. Derivation from ideal behaviour, Liquefaction of gases, critical temperature,
kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)
Liquid state – vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical
derivations).
derivations).
Unit – VI: Chemical Thermodynamics
Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings. Work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive
properties, state functions.
properties, state functions.
First law of thermodynamics – internal energy change ( U) and enthalpy change ( H). Hess’s
law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,
sublimation, Phase transformation, ionization, and solution.
law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,
sublimation, Phase transformation, ionization, and solution.
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium. Second and third laws of thermodynamics.
Unit – VII: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass
action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium
– ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization of polybasic
acids, acid strength, concept of pH Henderson Equation. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea).
Buffer solutions, solubility product, common ion effect ( with illustrative examples).
action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium
– ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization of polybasic
acids, acid strength, concept of pH Henderson Equation. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea).
Buffer solutions, solubility product, common ion effect ( with illustrative examples).
Unit – VIII: Red ox Reactions
Concept of oxidation and reduction, red ox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions
in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number.
in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number.
Unit – IX: Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of
hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water,
heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, properties, structure and use; hydrogen as a fuel.
hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water,
heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, properties, structure and use; hydrogen as a fuel.
Unit – X: s-Block Elements (alkali and Alkaline earth metals)
Group 1 and Group 2 elements:
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first
element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization
enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and
halogens; uses.
element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization
enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and
halogens; uses.
Preparation and properties of some important compounds:
Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of
sodium and potassium. CaO, CaCO3 and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca
sodium and potassium. CaO, CaCO3 and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca
Unit –X I: Some p-Block Elements
General Introduction to p-Block Elements
Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence. Variation of
properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element
of the group; Boron – physical and chemical properties, some important compounds: borax,
boric acid, boron hydrides, Aluminium: reactions with acids and alkalis and uses.
properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element
of the group; Boron – physical and chemical properties, some important compounds: borax,
boric acid, boron hydrides, Aluminium: reactions with acids and alkalis and uses.
Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of
properties, oxidation state, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element,
carbon- catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important
compounds; oxides.
properties, oxidation state, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element,
carbon- catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important
compounds; oxides.
Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and
zeolites, their uses and structure of silicates.
zeolites, their uses and structure of silicates.
Unit –XII: Organic chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
General introduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC
nomenclature of organic compounds
nomenclature of organic compounds
Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance
and hyper conjugation.
and hyper conjugation.
Homolytic and Heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions,
electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.
electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.
Unit –XIII: Hydrocarbons
Classification of hydrocarbons
Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical
reactions including halogenations, free radical mechanism, combustion and pyrolysis.
reactions including halogenations, free radical mechanism, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes – Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical
properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions; addition of hydrogen, halogen, water,
hydrogen halides (markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism
of electrophilic addition.
properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions; addition of hydrogen, halogen, water,
hydrogen halides (markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism
of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties. Methods of
preparation, chemical reactions; acidic character of Alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen,
halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
preparation, chemical reactions; acidic character of Alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen,
halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic hydrocarbons; Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene; resonance aromaticity;
chemical properties; mechanism of electrophilic substitution – nitration, sulphonation, halogenation,
Friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation, carcinogenicity and toxicity.
chemical properties; mechanism of electrophilic substitution – nitration, sulphonation, halogenation,
Friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation, carcinogenicity and toxicity.
Unit –XIV: Environmental chemistry
Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog,
major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone
layer, greenhouse effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry
as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.
major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone
layer, greenhouse effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry
as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.
West Bengal Board Class 11 Chemistry Practical syllabus
| Evaluation Scheme for Examination | Marks |
| Volumetric analysis | 10 |
| Salt Analysis | 08 |
| Content Based Experiment | 06 |
| Class Record, Viva and Project work | 06 |
| Total | 30 |
Experiments
A. Basic Laboratory Techniques
I. Cutting glass tube and glass rod
II. Bending a glass tube
III. Drawing out a glass jet
IV. Boring a cork
II. Bending a glass tube
III. Drawing out a glass jet
IV. Boring a cork
B. Characterization and purification of chemical substances
I. Determination of melting point of an organic compound
II. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound
III. Crystallization of impure sample of anyone of the following: Alum, copper
sulphate, Benzoic acid.
II. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound
III. Crystallization of impure sample of anyone of the following: Alum, copper
sulphate, Benzoic acid.
C. Experiments related to pH change
a. Anyone of the following experiments:
- Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.
- Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acid of same concentration.
- Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.
b. Study of pH change by common- ion effect in case of weak acids and weak bases.
D. Chemical equilibrium
One of the following experiments:
- Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either ions.
- Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions.
E. Quantitative estimation
- Using a chemical balance.
- Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.
- Determination of strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of oxalic acid.
- Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate.
- Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it
against standard sodium carbonate solution.
F. Qualitative analysis
Determination of one anion and one caution in a given salt
Cautions:- Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+,Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+
Anions:-CO 32-, S 2-, SO 32-, SO42- , NO2-1 , NO3-1, Cl-1, Br-1, I-1, PO43- , C2 O42-, CH3COO–
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
Anions:-CO 32-, S 2-, SO 32-, SO42- , NO2-1 , NO3-1, Cl-1, Br-1, I-1, PO43- , C2 O42-, CH3COO–
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
G. Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine
